New... Opens a new Excel Workbook.
Open... Opens many types of Excel documents, even text files.
Close Closes the current Workbook.
Save As... Saves your Workbook under a different name or different format.
Save Workspace Allows you to save information about the current set of open documents (Workbooks) along with their window positions. It does not save the documents, but rather allows you to open a group of Workbooks and windows at the same time.
Page Setup Controls how your page prints out.
Click here to learn about Page Setup in more detail.
Print Area Is how you specify the part of your worksheet that you wish to print. Excel Worksheets extend almost infinitely in all directions (65,536 rows down by 256 columns across), but only rows and columns that contain data, or which are selected with the
Set Print Area command are printed. To go back to the default print
area, select Clear Print Area.
Print Preview Shows you what your document looks like before you waste paper printing out something that doesn't look the way you want it to.
Print... Prints the selected area, current Worksheet all Worksheets in your Workbook.
Send To Routes your document to an email message or another person on your network.
Properties Allows you to look up or add detailed information about your document.
Below this is a list of the files opened recently by Excel.
Exit Closes Excel and all open Workbooks.

Cells... Inserts new cells into your worksheet, prompting you to ask how you would like to move the surrounding cells out of the way.
Rows Inserts a new row above the selected cell(s).
Columns Inserts a new column to the left of the selected cell(s).
Worksheet Inserts a new Worksheet, with its tab to the left of that of the selected Worksheet.
Chart... Launches the Chart Wizard to help you insert a chart based on given data within your Worksheet.
Page Break Inserts a page break above the selected cell(s).
Function... Launches the Function Wizard to insert a function based on given given data within your Worksheet.
Name Allows you to name cells. For example, a cell could be named "YearlyTotal" and references could be made to that cell within functions instead of by using the cell's column and row designation.
Comment Pops up a window into which you can enter a comment about the selected cell. Comments are not printed unless specified in Page Setup.
Picture Inserts a Clip Art, an image file, WordArt or acquires a new file from a scanner.
Map... If you have Microsoft Map installed, you may use it to insert a map into your Worksheet.
Object... Inserts an object such as a Windows Media Player video or other OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) compatible file.
Hyperlink... Inserts a link to a specified website or file location. If you click on the link, you will be brought to that location.

Cells... Allows you to specify all aspects of formatting for the selected cell(s). Click here for more info.

Row Height... - you specify a numeric value for the height of the selected row(s). AutoFit - Excel adjusts the height of the selected row(s) based on contents. Hide/Unhide - controls whether or not a row is visible on your screen. Hidden rows are not printed or displayed.

Column Width... - you specify a numeric value for the width of the selected column(s). AutoFit - Excel adjusts the width of the selected column(s) based on contents. Hide/Unhide - controls whether or not a column is visible on your screen. Hidden columns are not printed or displayed.

Sheet Lets you rename, hide/unhide or add a background for the current sheet.

AutoFormat... (see below)

Conditional Formatting... If a cell value is between specified limits, or if a formula results in a specified value, then a given format will be automatically applied to the cell(s).
Style... A style can describe formatting for number, alignment, font, border, pattern and/or protection. When a style is applied, all of the above specified characteristics are applied with it in one step.

Spelling... Checks the Worksheet or selected cell(s) for spelling errors.
AutoCorrect... Automatically fixes capitalization errors and replaces certain text strings with specified characters or symbols automatically. For example, (c) is replaced by ©.
Share Workbook... A feature that allows multiple users to access the Workbook document simultaneously. This is a quick and easy way to create a multi-user database. When you want to give a group of people access to the same document simultaneously, then you use the Share Workbook... command. In order for this feature to be useful, the file must be saved in a location where multiple users can access it, such as a public folder on the network. Before sharing a document, you might wish to consider protecting it. When protection is enabled, all cells are locked, by default. But you can unlock individual cells that you wish users to be able to modify. Cells must be designated as unlocked before protection is enabled. To do this, select the cells you wish to unlock, then go to the Format menu, select Cells... then click on the Protection tab and uncheck Locked. After you have unlocked the cells you wish to allow access to, then click on the Tools menu, select Protection, then Protect Sheet... or Protect Workbook... from the submenu.  You may wish to use a password to protect the workbook, but do not forget it or else you will be unable to unlock the document. Once you have protected your worksheet(s) or workbook, it will be safe to share it. Go to the Tools menu, then select Share Workbook... Click on the Editing tab and check Allow changes by more than one user at the same time, then click OK. The Editing tab also lists the users who currently have the workbook open.
Track Changes... Lets you highlight, keep track of, allow or disallow changes to a shared Workbook.
Merge Workbooks... Merges a shared Workbook with changes from another workbook file on disk.
Protection (see Share Workbook...).
Goal Seek Helps you find a specific result for a cell by adjusting the value of one other cell (set a cell to a given value by changing another cell's value).
Scenarios... Controls how to handle conflicting input data in a shared Workbook.
Auditing Allows you to track inputs (precedents) of a given formula and outputs (dependents) of a given cell.
Solver... Lets you set a target cell to a given maximum, minimum or fixed value by changing specified cells, subject to specified constraints.
Macro Macros are automated sequences of events or actions within a program. You can run or record macros, and edit them in Visual Basic programming language.
Add-Ins... List, add and remove optional components of Microsoft Excel. Examples include the File Conversion Wizard and Microsoft Bookshelf Integration.
Customize... Allows you to customize Excel's toolbars, keyboard commands, icons and animations.
Options... Here you can set your personal preferences for Views, Calculations, Editing, Charts, Colors and other settings. If something about Excel annoys you, here's where you go to turn it off.
Wizard The lookup Wizard helps you write a formula that finds the value at the intersection of a column and a row. The File Conversion Wizard helps you convert files between different formats. The Conditional Sum Wizard helps you write formulas that sum specific values in a column based on other values in the list. The Wizards listed here are based on your optional Add-Ins.

Sort (see below)
Filter Allows you to filter a list of data based on whether or not it meets specified criteria.
Form... Lets you display your data as a form with field names based on your column headings. Very useful for lists of names and addresses.
Subtotals... Use functions such as =SUM(A1:A25) to calculate subtotals for a given range of data.
Validation... Checks to see if data fits a specified format such as text, number, date, whole number, zip code or a custom format that you create.
Table... Calculate data tables by selecting row and column inputs.
Text to Columns... Converts a column of delimited text into separate columns of a specified format. For example, use to separate lastname, firstname data into two columns.
Template Wizard... Creates a template and a database from your Workbook. Each time you enter data into the template, it will be copied into the database.
Consolidate... Lets you combine multiple data sources into one.
Group and Outline Lets you group and outline data with up to eight levels of detail. For example, you can list by (1)Name Only, (2)Name & Phone Number, (3) Name, Phone & Address, etc., etc.
PivotTable Report... A convenient way to sort and analyze data interactively.
Get External Data Makes it easy to query the web, an external database or a custom data source to input data into Excel.
Refresh Data Repeats the query (see Get External Data) to update the data in Excel.

Sort Makes it easy to sort columns of data alphanumerically. Be sure to check the box to indicate whether or not your data has headers at the tops of the columns, or else the headers may be sorted along with the rest of the list.

The screenshot to the right shows how you would sort a list of data by Last name, then by First name, then by Role (e.g. CEO, President, etc.). Note that this list has top row column titles of Last, First and Role.